Bread

Bread $BREAD

N/A

Breadchain is a decentralized cooperative that connects post-capitalist web3 projects through blockchain-powered mutual aid. Its flagship application, Bread Crowdstaking on Gnosis Chain, allows users to stake xDAI to earn yield and receive BREAD tokens. These tokens grant voting rights to allocate interest earnings to member initiatives, such as worker DAOs and community currency tools; a unique trait for a token akin to a stablecoin.

Bread postToken Page

Bread token design description

Implementation Details

The Breadchain token (BREAD) value capturing implementations are dependent on the Bread.sol contract, which serves as the foundational element of the token model. This contract implements the mint-and-burn mechanism. The token’s market value stability that arises from this mechanism is critical for the "Value transfer from Representation" VCM, which combines Representation and Value Transfer OoVs. Additionally, the Bread.sol contract manages voting power delegation for BREAD holders, forming a key component of the Generalized Governance VCM. This governance system is further supported by ButteredBread.sol, which enables liquidity providers to mint ButteredBread tokens and participate in governance, and YieldDistributor.sol, which facilitates voting and yield distribution to member projects. The Bread.sol contract underpins both VCMs , and accordingly, the implementation of the Bread.sol contract is described first, followed by the governance system involving ButteredBread.sol and YieldDistributor.sol.

1. VALUE TRANSFER FROM REPRESENTATION IMPLEMENTATION

This section describes the technical implementation of the Value transfer from Representation mechanism for BREAD, a system that establishes par value to xDAI and enables its use as a medium of exchange within the Breadchain Marketplace. The Bread.sol contract ensures BREAD’s stability through minting and burning processes, while its utility as a transactional currency is facilitated by a centralized directory and standard ERC20 transfers. Crowdstaking (Mint-and-Burn) The Bread.sol contract implements BREAD as an ERC20 token on the Gnosis Chain, fully collateralized by xDAI via sDAI (sexy/SavingsDAI), a yield-bearing derivative. Users can mint BREAD by sending xDAI, which is wrapped into wxDai, deposited into sDAI, and minted as BREAD to a specified receiver at a 1:1 ratio, with voting power auto-delegated if not already set. For burning, users specify an amount and receiver, triggering the contract to burn the BREAD, withdraw the equivalent sDAI, redeem it for wxDai, unwrap it to xDAI, and transfer the xDAI to the receiver. Marketplace The implementation described previously enables BREAD to serve as a reliable medium of exchange via the Breadchain Marketplace, where users spend BREAD to purchase goods or services from supporters. The transaction process is off-chain (no smart contracts) from Breadchain’s perspective, as BREAD tokens are used through individual supporter projects rather than a centralized on-chain marketplace. Users browse the Notion Marketplace to identify offerings, then proceed to use their BREAD via an ERC20-compatible wallet. The manner in which supporters accept BREAD varies: Giveth enables donations in BREAD, TBS DAO offers podcast subscriptions through NFT purchases paid in BREAD, and Crypto Leftist Discord grants access to token-gated channels for BREAD holders.

Key Contracts:

  • BreadContract: Core logic for BREAD. Link
  • wxDai: Wrapped xDAI. Link
  • sexy(Savings)Dai (sDAI): Yield-bearing xDAI. Link

2. THE GENERALIZED GOVERNANCE IMPLEMENTATION

The Generalized Governance Implementation for the Breadchain token (BREAD) leverages three core smart contracts, Bread.sol, ButteredBread.sol, and YieldDistributor.sol, to manage token operations, incentivize liquidity provision, and execute the governance and yield distribution processes.

Below outlines the governance process for BREAD, focusing on decentralized yield distribution through three key steps:

  1. Liquidity Provision and ButteredBread Minting Users provide liquidity to sanctioned pools (e.g., CurvePool BREAD/xDAI), receive LP tokens, and deposit them into ButteredBread.sol to mint ButteredBread tokens. These tokens grant voting power, synced with BREAD delegation.
  2. Voting on Yield Distribution Users vote via YieldDistributor.sol’s castVote function, allocating points to projects. Voting power, calculated by getCurrentVotingPower, is the sum of BREAD and ButteredBread power over a period (from previousCycleStartingBlock to lastClaimedBlockNumber). Votes must exceed minRequiredVotingPower, with points per project capped at maxPoints and total points non-zero. Weighted votes determine each project’s yield share. Voting Power Calculation:
VotingPower=BREADVotingPower+ButteredBreadVotingPowerVoting Power = {BREAD Voting Power} + {ButteredBread Voting Power}
  1. Yield Distribution Yield is distributed periodically, with a minimum interval of cycleLength blocks. The distributeYield function in YieldDistributor.sol claims yield from Bread.sol, calculates total yield, splits it into fixed and voted portions, and transfers amounts to projects. The fixed portion divides a share equally, while the voted portion is allocated by vote proportion. Post-distribution, the project list updates, and voting tallies reset. Yield Distribution Calculation: The yield distribution combines a fixed allocation with a vote-based allocation:
  • Fixed Split:
FixedYield=TotalYieldyieldFixedSplitDivisorFixed Yield = \frac{Total Yield}{yieldFixedSplitDivisor}
BaseSplitperProject=FixedYieldNumberofProjectsBase Split per Project = \frac{FixedYield}{Number of Projects}
  • Voted Split:
VotedYield=TotalYieldFixedYieldVoted Yield = {Total Yield} - {Fixed Yield}
ProjectVotedYield=ProjectVotesTotalVotes×VotedYieldProject Voted Yield = \frac{{Project Votes}}{{Total Votes}}\times {Voted Yield}
  • Total Yield per Project:
TotalProjectYield=BaseSplit+ProjectVotedYieldTotal Project Yield = {Base Split} + {Project Voted Yield}

Key Contracts:

  • BreadContract: Core logic for the BREAD token. Link
  • ButteredBreadContract: Core logic for Buttered BREAD. Link
  • YieldDistributor: Core logic for Yield Distribution. Link

Economic Summary

The BREAD token anchors the Breadchain ecosystem by tying its value directly to xDAI, a stablecoin on the Gnosis Chain, through a “bake-and-burn” process. This stable foundation allows BREAD holders to redeem their tokens for xDAI at any time. The underlying xDAI is deposited to sDAI and generates yield used for Breadchain cooperative activities.

Additionally, BREAD functions as a medium of exchange in the BREAD Marketplace, facilitating transactions for goods and services among a network of supporters. Beyond this, BREAD unlocks governance capabilities, enabling holders to vote on the allocation of yield generated from sDAI to projects within the network.

Bread captures value through two primary value capture mechanisms: Value transfer from Representation: BREAD is minted and burned at par with xDAI (Representation), via smart contracts such as 'Bread.sol'. This stable value allows BREAD to serve as a reliable medium of exchange (Value Transfer) in the BREAD Marketplace, enabling transactions for goods and services supported by partners like Giveth and Crypto Commons Association. Generalized Governance: Bread holders can vote (Conditional Action) on allocating yield generated from sDAI to various projects within the Breadchain ecosystem, directly influencing (Governance) resource distribution. This governance power, facilitated by contracts such as 'ButteredBread.sol' and 'YieldDistributor.sol', endows BREAD with utility value in its ability to allocate financial resources to the most impactful projects.

The above mentioned value capture mechanisms can be each formulaically described as:

Value transfer from Representation=[5][1]\text{Value transfer from Representation} = [5][1]
Generalized Governance=[8][3]\text{Generalized Governance} = [8][3]